Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Section 44, BSA: Opinion on relationship, when relevant
Section 44 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, in the Act's own words, with the Evidence Act provision it replaces.
What it replaces
| BSA provision | Evidence Act provision | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| Section 44 | Section 50 | corresponds |
From the Bureau of Police Research and Development's official comparison summary (source below). The whole table: Evidence Act to BSA.
The section
44. Opinion on relationship, when relevant.
When the Court has to form an opinion as to the relationship of one person to another, the opinion, expressed by conduct, as to the existence of such relationship, of any person who, as a member of the family or otherwise, has special means of knowledge on the subject, is a relevant fact: Provided that such opinion shall not be sufficient to prove a marriage in proceedings under the Divorce Act, 1869 (4 of 1869), or in prosecution under sections 82 and 84 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Illustrations. (a) The question is, whether A and B were married. The fact that they were usually received and treated by their friends as husband and wife, is relevant. (b) The question is, whether A was the legitimate son of B. The fact that A was always treated as such by members of the family, is relevant.The text is India Code's consolidated text as loaded into Pundora's statute corpus on 1 September 2026. A section quoted in a draft checked by Pundora is checked against this text.
Sources
- India Code: Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, section 44 (read 1 September 2026)
- Bureau of Police Research and Development: comparison summary, BSA to Evidence Act (read 1 September 2026)