The law

The law

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: every section

Pundora · Published 3 October 2026

All 531 sections of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, each in the Act's own words, with the CrPC provision it replaces.

SectionHeadingCrPC
1Short title, extent and commencement1
2Definitions2, 2(a), 2(b), 2(d), 2(g), 2(h)
3Construction of references3
4Trial of offences under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and other laws4
5Saving5
6Classes of Criminal Courts6
7Territorial divisions7
8Court of Session9
9Courts of Judicial Magistrates11
10Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc12
11Special Judicial Magistrates13
12Local Jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates14
13Subordination of Judicial Magistrates15
14Executive Magistrates20
15Special Executive Magistrates21
16Local Jurisdiction of Executive22
17Subordination of Executive Magistrates23
18Public Prosecutors24
19Assistant Public Prosecutors25
20Directorate of Prosecution25A
21Courts by which offences are triable26
22Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass28
23Sentences which Magistrates may pass29
24Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine30
25Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial31
26Mode of conferring powers32
27Powers of officers appointed33
28Withdrawal of powers34
29Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office35
30Powers of superior officers of police36
31Public when to assist Magistrates and police37
32Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant38
33Public to give information of certain offences39
34Duty of officers employed in connection with affairs of a village to make certain report40
35When police may arrest without warrant41
36Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest41B
37Designated police officer41C
38Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation41D
39Arrest on refusal to give name and residence42
40Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest43
41Arrest by Magistrate44
42Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest45
43Arrest how made46
44Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested47
45Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions48
46No unnecessary restraint49
47Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail50
48Obligation of person making arrest to inform about arrest, etc., to relative or friend50A
49Search of arrested person51
50Power to seize offensive weapons52
51Examination of accused by medical practitioner at request of police officer53
52Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner53A
53Examination of arrested person by medical officer54
54Identification of person arrested54A
55Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant55
56Health and safety of arrested person55A
57Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station56
58Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours57
59Police to report apprehensions58
60Discharge of person apprehended59
61Power, on escape, to pursue and retake60
62Arrest to be made strictly according to Sanhita60A
63Form of summons61
64Summons how served62
65Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms, and societies63
66Service when persons summoned cannot be found64
67Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided65
68Service on Government servant66
69Service of summons outside local limits67
70Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present68
71Service of summons on witness69
72Form of warrant of arrest and duration70
73Power to direct security to be taken71
74Warrants to whom directed72
75Warrant may be directed to any person73
76Warrant directed to police officer74
77Notification of substance of warrant75
78Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay76
79Where warrant may be executed77
80Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction78
81Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction79
82Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued80
83Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought81
84Proclamation for person absconding82
85Attachment of property of person absconding83
86Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person—
87Claims and objections to attachment84
88Release, sale and restoration of attached property85
89Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property86
90Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons87
91Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance88
92Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance89
93Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summons and warrants of arrest90
94Summons to produce document or other thing91
95Procedure as to letters92
96When search-warrant may be issued93
97Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc94
98Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for same95
99Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture96
100Search for persons wrongfully confined97
101Power to compel restoration of abducted females98
102Direction, etc., of search-warrants99
103Persons in charge of closed place to allow search100
104Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction101
105Recording of search and seizure through audio video electronic means.—
106Power of police officer to seize certain property102
107Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property—
108Magistrate may direct search in his presence103
109Power to impound document, etc., produced104
110Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes105
111Definitions105A
112Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India166A
113Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India166B
114Assistance in securing transfer of persons105B
115Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property105C
116Identifying unlawfully acquired property105D
117Seizure or attachment of property105E
118Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter105F
119Notice of forfeiture of property105G
120Forfeiture of property in certain cases105H
121Fine in lieu of forfeiture105I
122Certain transfers to be null and void105J
123Procedure in respect of letter of request105K
124Application of this Chapter105L
125Security for keeping peace on conviction106
126Security for keeping peace in other cases107
127Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating certain matters108
128Security for good behaviour from suspected persons109
129Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders110
130Order to be made111
131Procedure in respect of person present in Court112
132Summons or warrant in case of person not so present113
133Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant114
134Power to dispense with personal attendance115
135Inquiry as to truth of information116
136Order to give security117
137Discharge of person informed against118
138Commencement of period for which security is required119
139Contents of bond120
140Power to reject sureties121
141Imprisonment in default of security122
142Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security123
143Security for unexpired period of bond124
144Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents125
145Procedure126
146Alteration in allowance127
147Enforcement of order of maintenance128
148Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force129
149Use of armed forces to disperse assembly130
150Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly131
151Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 148, 149 and 150132
152Conditional order for removal of nuisance133
153Service or notification of order134
154Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause135
155Penalty for failure to comply with section 154136
156Procedure where existence of public right is denied137
157Procedure where person against whom order is made under section 152 appears to show-cause138
158Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert139
159Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc140
160Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience141
161Injunction pending inquiry142
162Magistrate may prohibit repetition or Continuance of public nuisance143
163Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger144
164Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace145
165Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver146
166Dispute concerning right of use of land or water147
167Local inquiry148
168Police to prevent cognizable offences149
169Information of design to commit cognizable offences150
170Arrest to prevent commission of cognizable offences151
171Prevention of injury to public property152
172Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police—
173Information in cognizable cases154
174Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases155
175Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case156
176Procedure for investigation157
177Report how submitted158
178Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry159
179Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses160
180Examination of witnesses by police161
181Statements to police and use thereof162
182No inducement to be offered163
183Recording of confessions and statements164
184Medical examination of victim of rape164A
185Search by police officer165
186When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant166
187Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours167
188Report of investigation by subordinate police officer168
189Release of accused when evidence deficient169
190Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient170
191Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subject to restraint171
192Diary of proceedings in investigation172
193Report of police officer on completion of investigation173
194Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc174
195Power to summon persons175
196Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death176
197Ordinary place of inquiry and trial177
198Place of inquiry or trial178
199Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues179
200Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence180
201Place of trial in case of certain offences181
202Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc182
203Offence committed on journey or voyage183
204Place of trial for offences triable together184
205Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions185
206High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place186
207Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction187
208Offence committed outside India188
209Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India189
210Cognizance of offences by Magistrate190
211Transfer on application of accused191
212Making over of cases to Magistrates192
213Cognizance of offences by Court of Session193
214Additional Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them194
215. Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence195
216Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc195A
217Prosecution for offences against State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence196
218Prosecution of Judges and public servants197
219Prosecution for offences against marriage198
220Prosecution of offences under section 85 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023198A
221Cognizance of offence198B
222Prosecution for defamation199
223Examination of complainant200
224Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of case201
225Postponement of issue of process202
226Dismissal of complaint203
227Issue of process204
228Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused205
229Special summons in cases of petty offence206
230Supply to accused of copy of police report and other documents207
231Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session208
232Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it209
233Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of same offence210
234Contents of charge211
235Particulars as to time, place and person212
236When manner of committing offence must be stated213
237Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable214
238Effect of errors215
239Court may alter charge216
240Recall of witnesses when charge altered217
241Separate charges for distinct offences218
242Offences of same kind within year may be charged together219
243Trial for more than one offence220
244Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed221
245When offence proved included in offence charged222
246What persons may be charged jointly223
247Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges224
248Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor225
249Opening case for prosecution226
250Discharge227
251Framing of charge228
252Conviction on plea of guilty229
253Date for prosecution evidence230
254Evidence for prosecution231
255Acquittal232
256Entering upon defence233
257Arguments234
258Judgment of acquittal or conviction235
259Previous conviction236
260Procedure in cases instituted under sub-section (2) of section 222237
261Compliance with section 230238
262When accused shall be discharged239
263Framing of charge240
264Conviction on plea of guilty241
265Evidence for prosecution242
266Evidence for defence243
267Evidence for prosecution244
268When accused shall be discharged245
269Procedure where accused is not discharged246
270Evidence for defence247
271Acquittal or conviction248
272Absence of complainant249
273Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause250
274Substance of accusation to be stated251
275Conviction on plea of guilty252
276Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases253
277Procedure when not convicted254
278Acquittal or conviction255
279Non-appearance or death of complainant256
280Withdrawal of complaint257
281Power to stop proceedings in certain cases258
282Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases259
283Power to try summarily260
284Summary trial by Magistrate of second class261
285Procedure for summary trials262
286Record in summary trials263
287Judgment in cases tried summarily264
288Language of record and judgment265
289Application of Chapter265A
290Application for plea bargaining265B
291Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition265C
292Report of mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before Court265D
293Disposal of case265E
294Judgment of Court265F
295Finality of judgment265G
296Power of Court in plea bargaining265H
297Period of detention undergone by accused to be set off against sentence of imprisonment265
298Savings265J
299Statements of accused not to be used265K
300Non-application of Chapter265L
301Definitions266
302Power to require attendance of prisoners267
303Power of State Government or Central Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 302268
304Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies269
305Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody270
306Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison271
307Language of Courts272
308Evidence to be taken in presence of accused273
309Record in summons-cases and inquiries274
310Record in warrant-cases275
311Record in trial before Court of Session276
312Language of record of evidence277
313Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed278
314Interpretation of evidence to accused or his advocate279
315Remarks respecting demeanour of witness280
316Record of examination of accused281
317Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully282
318Record in High Court283
319When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued284
320Commission to whom to be issued285
321Execution of commissions286
322Parties may examine witnesses287
323Return of commission288
324Adjournment of proceeding289
325Execution of foreign commissions290
326Deposition of medical witness291
327Identification report of Magistrate291A
328Evidence of officers of Mint292
329Reports of certain Government scientific experts293
330No formal proof of certain documents294
331Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants295
332Evidence of formal character on affidavit296
333Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn297
334Previous conviction or acquittal how proved298
335Record of evidence in absence of accused299
336Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases—
337Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence300
338Appearance by Public Prosecutors301
339Permission to conduct prosecution302
340Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended303
341Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases304
342Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused305
343Tender of pardon to accomplice306
344Power to direct tender of pardon307
345Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon308
346Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings309
347Local inspection310
348Power to summon material witness, or examine person present311
349Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting, etc311A
350Expenses of complainants and witnesses312
351Power to examine accused313
352Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments314
353Accused person to be competent witness315
354No influence to be used to induce disclosure316
355Provision for inquiries and trial being held in absence of accused in certain cases317
356Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender—
357Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings318
358Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence319
359Compounding of offences320
360Withdrawal from prosecution321
361Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of322
362Procedure when after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed323
363Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property324
364Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe325
365Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another326
366Court to be open327
367Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind328
368Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court329
369Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial330
370Resumption of inquiry or trial331
371Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court332
372When accused appears to have been of sound mind333
373Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind334
374Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody335
375Power of State Government to empower officer in charge to discharge336
376Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence337
377Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released338
378Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend339
379Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215340
380Appeal341
381Power to order costs342
382Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance343
383Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence344
384Procedure in certain cases of contempt345
385Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 384346
386When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court347
387Discharge of offender on submission of apology348
388Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document349
389Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to summons350
390Appeals from convictions under sections 383, 384, 388 and 389351
391Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves352
392Judgment353
393Language and contents of judgment354
394Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender356
395Order to pay compensation357
396Victim compensation scheme357A
397Treatment of victims357C
398Witness protection scheme—
399Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested358
400Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases359
401Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition360
402Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases361
403Court not to alter judgment362
404Copy of judgment to be given to accused and other persons363
405Judgment when to be translated364
406Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate365
407Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation366
408Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken367
409Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction368
410Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges369
411Procedure in case of difference of opinion370
412Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation371
413No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided372
414Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behavior373
415Appeals from convictions374
416No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty375
417No appeal in petty cases376
418Appeal by State Government against sentence377
419Appeal in case of acquittal378
420Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases379
421Special right of appeal in certain cases380
422Appeal to Court of Session how heard381
423Petition of appeal382
424Procedure when appellant in jail383
425Summary dismissal of appeal384
426Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily385
427Powers of Appellate Court386
428Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court387
429Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court388
430Suspension of sentence pending appeal; release of appellant on bail389
431Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal390
432Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken391
433Procedure where Judges of Court of appeal are equally divided392
434Finality of judgments and orders on appeal393
435Abatement of appeals394
436Reference to High Court395
437Disposal of case according to decision of High Court396
438Calling for records to exercise powers of revision397
439Power to order inquiry398
440Sessions Judge's powers of revision399
441Power of Additional Sessions Judge400
442High Court's powers of revision401
443Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases402
444Option of Court to hear parties403
445High Court's order to be certified to lower Court405
446Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals406
447Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals407
448Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals408
449Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judges409
450Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrates410
451Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates411
452Reasons to be recorded412
453Execution of order passed under section 409413
454Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court414
455Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court415
456Commutation of sentence of death on pregnant woman416
457Power to appoint place of imprisonment417
458Execution of sentence of imprisonment418
459Direction of warrant for execution419
460Warrant with whom to be lodged420
461Warrant for levy of fine421
462Effect of such warrant422
463Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Sanhita does not extend423
464Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment424
465Who may issue warrant425
466Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect426
467Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence427
468Period of detention undergone by accused to be set off against sentence of imprisonment428
469Saving429
470Return of warrant on execution of sentence430
471Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine431
472Mercy petition in death sentence cases—
473Power to suspend or remit sentences432
474Power to commute sentence433
475Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases433A
476Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences434
477State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases435
478In what cases bail to be taken436
479Maximum period for which under-trial prisoner can be detained436A
480When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence437
481Bail to require accused to appear before next Appellate Court437A
482Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest438
483Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail439
484Amount of bond and reduction thereof440
485Bond of accused and sureties441
486Declaration by sureties441A
487Discharge from custody442
488Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient443
489Discharge of sureties444
490Deposit instead of recognizance445
491Procedure when bond has been forfeited446
492Cancellation of bond and bail bond446A
493Procedure in case of insolvency or death of surety or when a bond is forfeited447
494Bond required from child448
495Appeal from orders under section 491449
496Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances450
497Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases451
498Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial452
499Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused453
500Appeal against orders under section 498 or section 499454
501Destruction of libellous and other matter455
502Power to restore possession of immovable property456
503Procedure by police upon seizure of property457
504Procedure where no claimant appears within six months458
505Power to sell perishable property459
506Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings460
507Irregularities which vitiate proceedings461
508Proceedings in wrong place462
509Non-compliance with provisions of section 183 or section 316463
510Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge464
511Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity465
512Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful466
513Definitions467
514Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of period of limitation468
515Commencement of period of limitation469
516Exclusion of time in certain cases470
517Exclusion of date on which Court is closed471
518Continuing offence472
519Extension of period of limitation in certain cases473
520Trials before High Courts474
521Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial475
522Forms476
523Power of High Court to make rules477
524Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases478
525Cases in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested479
526Practising advocate not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts480
527Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property481
528Saving of inherent powers of High Court482
529Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts483
530Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode—
531Repeal and savings484

Sources

  1. India Code: Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (read 1 September 2026)

Every fact on this page carries its source. If one is wrong, write to contact@pundora.in and it will be corrected and dated.