The law

The law

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: every section

Pundora · Published 3 October 2026

All 358 sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, each in the Act's own words, with the IPC provision it replaces.

SectionHeadingIPC
1Short title, commencement and application1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2Definitions8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17
3General explanations6, 7, 27, 32, 34, 35
4Punishments53
5Commutation of sentence54, 55
6Fractions of terms of punishment57
7Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple60
8Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68
9Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences71
10Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which72
11Solitary confinement73
12Limit of solitary confinement74
13Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction75
14Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law76
15Act of Judge when acting judicially77
16Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court78
17Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law79
18Accident in doing a lawful act80
19Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm81
20Act of a child under seven years of age82
21Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding83
22Act of a person of unsound mind84
23Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will85
24Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated86
25Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent87
26Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit88
27Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian89
28Consent known to be given under fear or misconception90
29Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused91
30Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent92
31Communication made in good faith93
32Act to which a person is compelled by threats94
33Act causing slight harm95
34Things done in private defence96
35Right of private defence of body and of property97
36Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc98
37Acts against which there is no right of private defence99
38When right of private defence of body extends to causing death100
39When such right extends to causing any harm other than death101
40Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body102
41When right of private defence of property extends to causing death103
42When such right extends to causing any harm other than death104
43Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property105
44Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person106
45Abetment of a thing107
46Abettor108
47Abetment in India of offences outside India108A
48Abetment outside India for offence in India—
49Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment109
50Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor110
51Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done111
52Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done112
53Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor113
54Abettor present when offence is committed114
55Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life115
56Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment116
57Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons117
58Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life118
59Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent119
60Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment120
61Criminal conspiracy120A, 120B
62Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment511
63Rape375
64Punishment for rape376(1)
65Punishment for rape in certain cases376(3), 376AB
66Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim376A
67Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation376B
68Sexual intercourse by a person in authority376C
69Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc—
70Gang rape376D, 376DB
71Punishment for repeat offenders376E
72Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc228A
73Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission228A(3)
74Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty354
75Sexual harassment354A
76Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe354B
77Voyeurism354C
78Stalking354D
79Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman509
80Dowry death304B
81Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage493
82Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife494, 495
83Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage496
84Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman498
85Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty498A
86Cruelty defined498A
87Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc366
88Causing miscarriage312
89Causing miscarriage without woman's consent313
90Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage314
91Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth315
92Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide316
93Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it317
94Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body318
95Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence—
96Procuration of child366A
97Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person369
98Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc372
99Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc373
100Culpable homicide299
101Murder300
102Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended301
103Punishment for murder302
104Punishment for murder by life-convict303
105Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder304
106Causing death by negligence304A
107Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind305
108Abetment of suicide306
109Attempt to murder307
110Attempt to commit culpable homicide308
111Organised crime—
112Petty organised crime—
113Terrorist act—
114Hurt319
115Voluntarily causing hurt321, 323
116Grievous hurt320
117Voluntarily causing grievous hurt322, 325
118Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means324, 326
119Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act327, 329
120Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property330, 331
121Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty332, 333
122Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation334, 335
123Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence328
124Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc326A, 326B
125Act endangering life or personal safety of others336, 337, 338
126Wrongful restraint339, 341
127Wrongful confinement340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346
128Force349
129Criminal force350
130Assault351
131Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation352
132Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty353
133Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation355
134Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person356
135Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person357
136Assault or criminal force on grave provocation358
137Kidnapping359, 360, 361, 363
138Abduction362
139Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging363A
140Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc364, 364A, 365, 367
141Importation of girl or boy from foreign country366B
142Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person368
143Trafficking of person370
144Exploitation of a trafficked person370A
145Habitual dealing in slaves371
146Unlawful compulsory labour374
147Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India121
148Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147121A
149Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India122
150Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war123
151Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power124
152Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India—
153Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India125
154Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India126
155Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154127
156Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape128
157Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape129
158Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner130
159Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty131
160Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof132
161Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office133
162Abetment of such assault, if assault committed134
163Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman135
164Harbouring deserter136
165Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master137
166Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman138
167Persons subject to certain Acts139
168Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman140
169Candidate, electoral right defined171A
170Bribery171B
171Undue influence at elections171C
172Personation at elections171D
173Punishment for bribery171E
174Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election171F
175False statement in connection with an election171G
176Illegal payments in connection with an election171H
177Failure to keep election accounts171
178Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes230
179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes237
180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes242
181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes233
182Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes489E
183Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government261
184Using Government stamp known to have been before used262
185Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used263
186Prohibition of fictitious stamps263A
187Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law244
188Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint245
189Unlawful assembly141, 142, 144, 145, 150, 151
190Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object149
191Rioting146, 147, 148
192Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed153
193Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place154, 155, 156
194Affray159, 160
195Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc152
196Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony153A
197Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration153B
198Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person166
199Public servant disobeying direction under law166A
200Punishment for non-treatment of victim166B
201Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury167
202Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade168
203Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property169
204Personating a public servant170
205Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent171
206Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding172
207Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof173
208Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant174
209Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023174A
210Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it175
211Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it176
212Furnishing false information177
213Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it178
214Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question179
215Refusing to sign statement180
216False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation181
217False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person182
218Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant183
219Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant184
220Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant185
221Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions186
222Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance187
223Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant188
224Threat of injury to public servant189
225Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant190
226Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power—
227Giving false evidence191
228Fabricating false evidence192
229Punishment for false evidence193
230Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence194
231Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment195
232Threatening any person to give false evidence195A
233Using evidence known to be false196
234Issuing or signing false certificate197
235Using as true a certificate known to be false198
236False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence199
237Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false200
238Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender201
239Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform202
240Giving false information respecting an offence committed203
241Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence204
242False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution205
243Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution206
244Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution207
245Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due208
246Dishonestly making false claim in Court209
247Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due210
248False charge of offence made with intent to injure211
249Harbouring offender212
250Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment213
251Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender214
252Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc215
253Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered216
254Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits216A
255Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture217
256Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture218
257Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law219
258Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law220
259Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend221
260Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed222
261Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant223
262Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension224
263Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person225
264Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for225A
265Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for225B
266Violation of condition of remission of punishment227
267Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding228
268Personation of assessor229
269Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court229A
270Public nuisance268
271Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life269
272Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life270
273Disobedience to quarantine rule271
274Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale272
275Sale of noxious food or drink273
276Adulteration of drugs274
277Sale of adulterated drugs275
278Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation276
279Fouling water of public spring or reservoir277
280Making atmosphere noxious to health278
281Rash driving or riding on a public way279
282Rash navigation of vessel280
283Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy281
284Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel282
285Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation283
286Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance284
287Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter285
288Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance286
289Negligent conduct with respect to machinery287
290Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc288
291Negligent conduct with respect to animal289
292Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for290
293Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue291
294Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc292
295Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child293
296Obscene acts and songs294
297Keeping lottery office294A
298Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class295
299Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs295A
300Disturbing religious assembly296
301Trespassing on burial places, etc297
302Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person298
303Theft378, 379
304Snatching—
305Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc380
306Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master381
307Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft382
308Extortion383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388
309Robbery390, 392, 393, 394
310Dacoity391, 395, 396, 399, 400, 402
311Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt397
312Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon398
313Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc401
314Dishonest misappropriation of property403
315Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death404
316Criminal breach of trust405, 406, 407, 408, 409
317Stolen property410, 411, 412, 413, 414
318Cheating415, 417, 418, 420
319Cheating by personation416, 419
320Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors421
321Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors422
322Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration423
323Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property424
324Mischief425, 426, 427, 440
325Mischief by killing or maiming animal428
326Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435
327Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden437, 438
328Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc439
329Criminal trespass and house-trespass441, 442, 447, 448
330House-trespass and hous-ebreaking443, 445
331Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458
332House-trespass in order to commit offence449, 450, 451
333House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint452
334Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property461, 462
335Making a false document464
336Forgery463, 465, 468, 469
337Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc466
338Forgery of valuable security, will, etc467
339Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine474
340Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine470, 471
341Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338472, 473
342Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material475, 476
343Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security477
344Falsification of accounts477A
345Property mark479, 481, 482
346Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury489
347Counterfeiting a property mark483, 484
348Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark485
349Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark486
350Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods487, 488
351Criminal intimidation503, 507
352Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace504
353Statements conducing to public mischief505
354Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure508
355Misconduct in public by a drunken person510
356Defamation499, 500, 501, 502
357Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person491
358Repeal and savings—

Sources

  1. India Code: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (read 1 September 2026)

Every fact on this page carries its source. If one is wrong, write to contact@pundora.in and it will be corrected and dated.